What type of particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper and release their energy?

Alpha particles are indeed the type of particles that can be stopped by a sheet of paper. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, making them relatively large and heavy compared to other types of radiation. Because of their size and charge, they interact readily with matter and lose energy quickly as they pass through. A thin barrier like a sheet of paper is sufficient to absorb these particles completely, preventing them from penetrating further and releasing their energy in a controlled manner.

In contrast, gamma rays and X-rays are forms of electromagnetic radiation that possess much higher energy and do not interact as readily with matter, allowing them to pass through paper without significant attenuation. Beta particles, being electrons or positrons, can penetrate paper but are still relatively low in energy compared to gamma and X-ray radiation; however, they would require more than just a sheet of paper for adequate shielding. Therefore, the capability of alpha particles to be effectively stopped by paper highlights their specific characteristics and behavior in the context of radiation interaction with materials.